Aerodynamics is a branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object. Aerodynamics is closely related to fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, with much theory shared between them. Aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, with the difference being that gas dynamics applies to all gases. Understanding the motion of air (often called a flow field) around an object enables the calculation of forces and moments acting on the object. Typical properties calculated for a flow field include velocity, pressure, density and temperature as a function of position and time. By defining a control volume around the flow field, equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy can be defined and used to solve for the properties. The use of aerodynamics through mathematical analysis, empirical approximation and wind tunnel experimentation form the scientific basis for heavier-than-air flight.
Aerodynamic problems can be identified in a number of ways. The flow environment defines the first classification criterion. External aerodynamics is the study of flow around solid objects of various shapes. Evaluating the lift and drag on an airplane, the shock waves that form in front of the nose of a rocket or the flow of air over a hard drive head are examples of external aerodynamics. Internal aerodynamics is the study of flow through passages in solid objects. For instance, internal aerodynamics encompasses the study of the airflow through a jet engine or through an air conditioning pipe.
The ratio of the problem's characteristic flow speed to the speed of sound comprises a second classification of aerodynamic problems. A problem is called subsonic if all the speeds in the problem are less than the speed of sound, transonic if speeds both below and above the speed of sound are present (normally when the characteristic speed is approximately the speed of sound), supersonic when the characteristic flow speed is greater than the speed of sound, and hypersonic when the flow speed is much greater than the speed of sound. Aerodynamicists disagree over the precise definition of hypersonic flow; minimum Mach numbers for hypersonic flow range from 3 to 12. Most aerodynamicists use numbers between 5 and 8.
The influence of viscosity in the flow dictates a third classification. Some problems involve only negligible viscous effects on the solution, in which case viscosity can be considered to be nonexistent. The approximations to these problems are called inviscid flows. Flows for which viscosity cannot be neglected are called viscous flows.
1- Theoretical Aerodynamics
by Louis Melveille Milne-Thomson
link
2-Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, Fifth Edition
by E. L. Houghton, P. W. Carpenter,
link
3-Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
by John David Anderson
link 1
link 2
4- Missile Aerodynamics
by Jack N. Nielsen
link 1
link 2
5-Introduction to the aerodynamics of flight (NASA SP 367)
by Theodore A Talay
link 1
link 2
6-Experiments in Aerodynamics (General Publication)
by Samuel Pierpont Langley
link
7-Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics (Aiaa Education Series)
by J. Seddon .
link 1
link 2
link 3
8-Bramwell's Helicopter Dynamics
by A. R. S. Bramwell
link password : www.blueportal.org
9-Theory of Wing Sections:
Including a Summary of Airfoil Data
(Dover Books on Physics)
by Ira H. Abbott, A. E. von Doenhoff
link
10-Hypersingular Integral Equations and Their Applications
(Differential and Integral Equations and Their Applications, 4) by I.K. Lifanov L.N. Poltavskii MG.M. Vainikko
link password: gigapedia.org
11- Analysis of Low Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows
by Tuncer Cebeci, Max Platzer, Hsun Chen, Kuo-cheng Chang, Jian P. Shao
link 1
link 2
link 3
link 4
12- Compressible Fluid Flow 1997
by Patrick H. Oosthuizen William Carscallen
link 1
link 2
13- Analysis of Turbulent Flows
by Tuncer Cebeci
link 1
link 2
link 3
14- Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics
by John David Anderson
link 1
link 2
15- Topics in Hyposonic Flow Theory
(Lecture Notes in Physics)
by R.K. Zeytounian
link 1
link 2
16- Turbulent Shear Layers in Supersonic Flow,
2nd Edition
by Alexander J. Smits Jean-Paul Dussauge
link 1
link 2
17- Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics
by Robert D. Zucker
link 1
link 2 Password: physicsbooks.info
link 3 password: gigapedia.org"
link 4
18- Ship Stability for Masters and Mates,
Fifth Edition
by Capt D R Derrett Bryan Barrass
link 1
link 2
19- Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms
by Nicholas J. Higham
link 1
link 2
link 3
20- Stability and Nonlinear Solid Mechanics
by Quoc Son Nguyen
link 1
link2 password: gigapedia.org"
21- Stability Domains (Nonlinear Systems in Aviation, Aerospace, Aeronautics and Astronautics)
by Lyubomir T. Gruyitch
link 1
link 2
22- Multiparameter Stability Theory With Mechanical Applications
(Series on Stability, Vibration and Control of Systems )
by Alexander P. Seyranian, Alexei A. Mailybaev
link
23- Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls
by Jan Roskam
link 1
part 1 Password: bap
part 2 Password: bap
part 3 Password: bap
part 4 Password: bap
part 5 Password: bap
part 6 Password: bap
link 2
24- Flight Dynamics Principles,
Second Edition
A Linear Systems Approach to Aircraft Stability and Control
(Elsevier Aerospace Engineering)
by Michael Cook
link 1
link 2
25- Dynamical Systems: Stability, Theory and Applications
(Lecture Notes in Mathematics vol 35)
by N. B. Bhatia
link
26- Dynamical Systems and Control
(Stability and Control: Theory, Methods and Applications, 22)
by Firdaus E. Udwadia, H.I. Weber, George Leitmann (Editors)
link 1
link 2
27- Dynamical Systems, Graphs, and Algorithms
(Lecture Notes in Mathematics)
by George Osipenko
link 1
link 2
28- Helicopter Dynamics
by A. R. S. Bramwell
link 1
link 2 password : www.blueportal.org
29- Analysis of Low Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows
by Tuncer Cebeci, Max Platzer, Hsun Chen,
Kuo-cheng Chang, Jian P. Shao
link 1
link 2
link 3
30- Unsteady Aerodynamics,
Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines
by by Kenneth C. Hall (Editor),
Robert E. Kielb (Editor), Jeffrey P. Thomas (Editor)
link
31- Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows
by Charles Hirsch
link 1
link 2
32- Advanced Dynamics
(Aiaa Education Series)
by Shuh-Jing Ying
link 1
link 2
Aerodynamic problems can be identified in a number of ways. The flow environment defines the first classification criterion. External aerodynamics is the study of flow around solid objects of various shapes. Evaluating the lift and drag on an airplane, the shock waves that form in front of the nose of a rocket or the flow of air over a hard drive head are examples of external aerodynamics. Internal aerodynamics is the study of flow through passages in solid objects. For instance, internal aerodynamics encompasses the study of the airflow through a jet engine or through an air conditioning pipe.
The ratio of the problem's characteristic flow speed to the speed of sound comprises a second classification of aerodynamic problems. A problem is called subsonic if all the speeds in the problem are less than the speed of sound, transonic if speeds both below and above the speed of sound are present (normally when the characteristic speed is approximately the speed of sound), supersonic when the characteristic flow speed is greater than the speed of sound, and hypersonic when the flow speed is much greater than the speed of sound. Aerodynamicists disagree over the precise definition of hypersonic flow; minimum Mach numbers for hypersonic flow range from 3 to 12. Most aerodynamicists use numbers between 5 and 8.
The influence of viscosity in the flow dictates a third classification. Some problems involve only negligible viscous effects on the solution, in which case viscosity can be considered to be nonexistent. The approximations to these problems are called inviscid flows. Flows for which viscosity cannot be neglected are called viscous flows.
1- Theoretical Aerodynamics
by Louis Melveille Milne-Thomson
link
2-Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, Fifth Edition
by E. L. Houghton, P. W. Carpenter,
link
3-Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
by John David Anderson
link 1
link 2
4- Missile Aerodynamics
by Jack N. Nielsen
link 1
link 2
5-Introduction to the aerodynamics of flight (NASA SP 367)
by Theodore A Talay
link 1
link 2
6-Experiments in Aerodynamics (General Publication)
by Samuel Pierpont Langley
link
7-Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics (Aiaa Education Series)
by J. Seddon .
link 1
link 2
link 3
8-Bramwell's Helicopter Dynamics
by A. R. S. Bramwell
link password : www.blueportal.org
9-Theory of Wing Sections:
Including a Summary of Airfoil Data
(Dover Books on Physics)
by Ira H. Abbott, A. E. von Doenhoff
link
10-Hypersingular Integral Equations and Their Applications
(Differential and Integral Equations and Their Applications, 4) by I.K. Lifanov L.N. Poltavskii MG.M. Vainikko
link password: gigapedia.org
11- Analysis of Low Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows
by Tuncer Cebeci, Max Platzer, Hsun Chen, Kuo-cheng Chang, Jian P. Shao
link 1
link 2
link 3
link 4
12- Compressible Fluid Flow 1997
by Patrick H. Oosthuizen William Carscallen
link 1
link 2
13- Analysis of Turbulent Flows
by Tuncer Cebeci
link 1
link 2
link 3
14- Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics
by John David Anderson
link 1
link 2
15- Topics in Hyposonic Flow Theory
(Lecture Notes in Physics)
by R.K. Zeytounian
link 1
link 2
16- Turbulent Shear Layers in Supersonic Flow,
2nd Edition
by Alexander J. Smits Jean-Paul Dussauge
link 1
link 2
17- Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics
by Robert D. Zucker
link 1
link 2 Password: physicsbooks.info
link 3 password: gigapedia.org"
link 4
18- Ship Stability for Masters and Mates,
Fifth Edition
by Capt D R Derrett Bryan Barrass
link 1
link 2
19- Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms
by Nicholas J. Higham
link 1
link 2
link 3
20- Stability and Nonlinear Solid Mechanics
by Quoc Son Nguyen
link 1
link2 password: gigapedia.org"
21- Stability Domains (Nonlinear Systems in Aviation, Aerospace, Aeronautics and Astronautics)
by Lyubomir T. Gruyitch
link 1
link 2
22- Multiparameter Stability Theory With Mechanical Applications
(Series on Stability, Vibration and Control of Systems )
by Alexander P. Seyranian, Alexei A. Mailybaev
link
23- Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls
by Jan Roskam
link 1
part 1 Password: bap
part 2 Password: bap
part 3 Password: bap
part 4 Password: bap
part 5 Password: bap
part 6 Password: bap
link 2
24- Flight Dynamics Principles,
Second Edition
A Linear Systems Approach to Aircraft Stability and Control
(Elsevier Aerospace Engineering)
by Michael Cook
link 1
link 2
25- Dynamical Systems: Stability, Theory and Applications
(Lecture Notes in Mathematics vol 35)
by N. B. Bhatia
link
26- Dynamical Systems and Control
(Stability and Control: Theory, Methods and Applications, 22)
by Firdaus E. Udwadia, H.I. Weber, George Leitmann (Editors)
link 1
link 2
27- Dynamical Systems, Graphs, and Algorithms
(Lecture Notes in Mathematics)
by George Osipenko
link 1
link 2
28- Helicopter Dynamics
by A. R. S. Bramwell
link 1
link 2 password : www.blueportal.org
29- Analysis of Low Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows
by Tuncer Cebeci, Max Platzer, Hsun Chen,
Kuo-cheng Chang, Jian P. Shao
link 1
link 2
link 3
30- Unsteady Aerodynamics,
Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines
by by Kenneth C. Hall (Editor),
Robert E. Kielb (Editor), Jeffrey P. Thomas (Editor)
link
31- Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows
by Charles Hirsch
link 1
link 2
32- Advanced Dynamics
(Aiaa Education Series)
by Shuh-Jing Ying
link 1
link 2
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